Show jumping - obstacles

So... in show jumping we jump above obstacles... There are many types of them so I'll write only about some basic obstacles...



•Vertical - a jump that consists of poles right above each other with no spread, or width, to jump.

•Oxer - Basically two verticals close together, to make the jump wider. Also called a spread.

•Wall - This type of jump is usually made to look like a brick wall, but the "bricks" are constructed of a lightweight material and fall easily when knocked.

•Triple Bar - Is a spread fence using three elements of graduating
heights. It is a relatively easy jump although usually very wide.

•Combination - usually 2 or 3 jumps in a row, with no more than 2
strides between each. 2 jumps in a row are called double combinations, and 3 jumps in a row are triple combinations.

Show Jumping

Show jumping, also known as "stadium jumping" or "jumpers" is a olimpic discipline.
The Show jumping competitions takes place on special cours. Rider and his horse must jump above obstacles in a given order and time limit without knockdowns.

Penalties:
•knockdown or landing in the water - 4 faults
•fall of the horse or rider - elimination
•refusing or running down at any fence 1st - 4 faults, 2nd - elimination
•time penalties - 1 fault for each started second

Competitons classes:
•LL (mini L) - to 80 cm
•L - to 100 cm
•P - to 110 cm
•N - to 120 cm
•C - to 130 cm
•CC1 - to 140 cm
•CC2 - to 150 cm
•CC3 - more then 150 cm

Types of competitions:

•Grand Prix - Horses are scored on a combination of faults and time in some competitions it is judged on technique.
•Touch Class - a class held much like a normal show jumping class, except that if the horse touches the jump it is considered four faults.

•Puissance - high-jump competition, where the final wall may reach over 2 meters tall. The record (2,47m) was achieved by Captain Alberto Larraguibel Morales riding in 1949.
•And many, many more...